Contents. Geography and demographics The Vinča culture occupied a region of Southeastern Europe (i.e. The ) corresponding mainly to modern-day (with ), but also parts of,. This region had already been settled by farming societies of the, but during the Vinča period sustained population growth led to an unprecedented level of settlement size and density along with the population of areas that were bypassed by earlier settlers. Vinča settlements were considerably larger than any other contemporary European culture, in some instances surpassing the cities of the and early a millennium later. One of the largest sites was (a suburb of, ), it covered 29 hectare and had up to 2,500 people.
Vinčanska kultura je bila bliska hipi filozofiji, po ishrani, modi, načinu života, promovisanju slobode i ljubavi. To je bilo mnogo humanije društvo gde su žene birale muškarce, bile slobodne i zadovoljne.
Early Vinča settlement population density was 50–200 people per hectare, in later phases an average of 50–100 people per hectare was common. The site was occupied twice between 4900–4650 B.C. And an estimate based on 17 houses suggests that given a lifespan per house of 56 years 1028 houses were built on the site during that period with a final population size estimated to be between 868 and 2864. Another large site was from 4850/4800 BC. It may have contained a maximum population of 4,000.
The settlement of maybe had 1,575 people living there at the same time. Chronology. Vinča ceramics The origins of the Vinča culture are debated. Before the advent of it was thought, on the basis of similarities, that and other Neolithic cultures belonging to the 'Dark Burnished Ware' complex were the product of from to the Balkans. This had to be reassessed in light of radiocarbon dates which showed that the Dark Burnished Ware complex appeared at least a millennium before, the putative starting point of the westward migration.
An alternative hypothesis where the Vinča culture developed locally from the preceding —first proposed by in 1969—is now accepted by many scholars, but the evidence is not conclusive. The Vinča culture can be divided into two, closely linked with those of its type site Vinča-Belo Brdo: Vinča culture Vinča-Belo Brdo Years BC Early Vinča period Vinča A 5700–4800 Vinča B Vinča C Late Vinča period Vinča D 4800–4200 Abandoned Decline In its later phase the centre of the Vinča network shifted from Vinča-Belo Brdo to, and the long-distance exchange of and artefacts from modern-day Hungary and the respectively became more important than that of Vinča figurines. Eventually the network lost its cohesion altogether and fell into decline. It is likely that, after two millennia of intensive farming, economic stresses caused by decreasing soil fertility were partly responsible for this decline.
According to, the Vinča culture was part of – a relatively homogeneous, peaceful and culture that occupied Europe during the Neolithic. According to this hypothesis its period of decline was followed by an invasion of warlike, horse-riding tribes from the. Economy Subsistence Most people in Vinča settlements would have been occupied with the provision of food.
They practised a mixed subsistence economy where, and all contributed to the diet of the growing Vinča population. Compared to earlier cultures of the (FTN) these practices were intensified, with increasing specialisation on high-yield crops and the of domesticated animals, consistent with the increased population density. Vinča agriculture introduced, and to temperate Europe, and made greater use of than the cultures of the FTN.
These innovations increased crop yields and allowed the manufacture of clothes made from plant textiles as well as animal products (i.e. Leather and wool). There is indirect evidence that Vinča farmers made use of the cattle-driven, which would have had a major effect on the amount of human labour required for agriculture as well as opening up new area of land for farming. Many of the largest Vinča sites occupy regions dominated by soil types that would have required ploughing. Areas with less arable potential were exploited through, where groups from the lowland villages moved their livestock to nearby upland areas on a seasonal basis. Cattle were more important than sheep and goats in Vinča herds and, in comparison to the cultures of the FTN, livestock was increasingly kept for milk, leather and as, rather than solely for meat.
Seasonal movement to upland areas was also motivated by the exploitation of stone and mineral resources. Where these were especially rich permanent upland settlements were established, which would have relied more heavily on pastoralism for subsistence. Although increasingly focused on domesticated plants and animals, the Vinča subsistence economy still made use of wild food resources. The hunting of, and, fishing of and, shell-collecting, and foraging of wild cereals, forest fruits and nuts made up a significant part of the diet at some Vinča sites. These, however, were in the minority; settlements were invariably located with agricultural rather than wild food potential in mind, and wild resources were usually underexploited unless the area was low in arable productivity. Industry.
Vinča ceramics Generally speaking craft production within the Vinča network was carried out at the household level; there is little evidence for individual. Nevertheless, some Vinča artefacts were made with considerable levels of technical skill. A two-stage method was used to produce with a polished, multi-coloured finish, known as 'Black-topped' and 'Rainbow Ware'. Sometimes powdered and were applied to the fired clay for decoration. The style of Vinča clothing can be inferred from figurines depicted with open-necked and decorated skirts. Cloth was woven from both flax and wool (with flax becoming more important in the later Vinča period), and buttons made from shell or stone were also used.
The Vinča site of has produced the earliest example of tools in the world. However, the people of the Vinča network practised only an early and limited form of metallurgy.
Copper ores were mined on a large scale at sites like, but only a fraction were smelted and cast into metal artefacts – and these were ornaments and trinkets rather than functional tools, which continued to be made from, bone and antler. It is likely that the primary use of mined ores was in their powdered form, in the production of pottery or as bodily decoration. Major Vinča sites., the. See also. Notes.
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